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2003:
Did
you know the President of the United
States is also known as the chief executive?
Yes. The president
is the head of the executive branch and is known
as the chief executive. The president serves a four-year
term. In 1951, the XXII Amendment of the U.S. Constitution
was ratified which states a person can only serve
two terms as president. This is known as term limits.
>>Read
about the President of the United States
>>Browse
the US Presidents Books
>>Browse
the First Ladies Books
>>Read
about the U.S. Government
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September,
2003:
 Did
you know Galileo
(the spacecraft) was named after Galileo (the astronomer)?
Yes. Galileo
Galilei was an Italian astronomer who lived from
1564 to 1642. He discovered Jupiter's four largest
moons in 1610. They are Io, Europa, Ganymede, and
Callisto. Today, these moons are named after Galileo
and are known as the Galilean moons.
Galileo's discovery
of Jupiter's moons helped prove the Copernican theory
that the earth revolves around the sun. People knew
the moon revolved around the earth. They thought
if the moon revolved around the earth, then the
sun must also revolve around the earth. However,
Galileo's discovery of four moons revolving around
Jupiter proved one object in space can revolve around
a second object in space while the second object
revolves around a third object in space. To put
it in a more simple way, it proved the moon can
revolve around the earth while the earth revolves
around the sun.
After Copernicus and
Galileo, we know the earth revolves around the sun.
>>Read
about Galileo Galilei
>>Read
about the times in which Galileo lived
>>Browse
our Galileo's Books
>>View Photos
of Galileo
>>Visit
the JPL Photo Gallery - Galileo
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August,
2003:
 Did
you know Rosa Parks has been called the
"Mother of the Civil Rights Movement?"
Yes. The Civil
Rights Movement helped make it illegal for people
to discriminate against other people based on their
race, color, religion, or nationality. Rosa Parks
received many honors for her work in Civil Rights,
including the Spingarn Medal, the Martin Luther
King, Jr. Nonviolent Peace Prize, the Eleanor Roosevelt
Woman of Courage Award, and the Presidential Medal
of Freedom. Also, Cleveland Avenue in Montgomery,
Alabama, (the street where Rosa boarded the bus
on December 1, 1955) was renamed Rosa Parks Boulevard.
Did
you know Rosa was a guest at the 1999
State of the Union Address and sat next to First
Lady Hillary Rodham Clinton? President Clinton introduced
Rosa by saying, "She's sitting down with the First
Lady tonight, and she may get up or not, as she
chooses." Today, Rosa lives in Detroit, Michigan.
February 4, 2003, marked Rosa Parks 90th Birthday.
>>Read
about Rosa Parks
>>Visit
Rosa Parks Links
>>Browse
Rosa Parks Books
>>From
Your Page: February, 2003
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July,
2003:
 Did
you know the
Battle of Gettysburg is known as the High Tide of
the Confederacy?
Yes. It was called
the High Tide of the Confederacy because the Battle
of Gettysburg was the closest the Confederate army
came to defeating the Union army. If the Confederate
army had won the battle, this victory may have led
to a southern victory of the war. The Confederate
defeat at Gettysburg was a turning point of the
Civil War. Although the war continued for another
two years, the Confederacy never had a better chance
of winning the war than it did at Gettysburg.
The Battle of Gettysburg
was fought from July 1 - 3, 1863, during the American
Civil War. The Union Army of the Potomac was led
by Major General George G. Meade, and the Confederate
Army of Northern Virginia was led by General Robert
E. Lee.
>>The
Papa Tour stops at Gettysburg
>>Read
about the Civil War
>>If
You Lived at the Time of the Civil War
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June,
2003:
Did
you know
Anne Sullivan was Helen Keller's teacher?
Yes. Helen Adams
Keller was born in Tuscumbia, Alabama, on June 27,
1880. She was born with full sight and hearing.
When Helen was about 1-1/2 years old, she became
sick with meningitis. Although Helen recovered from
her illness, she lost her sight and hearing.
In 1887, Anne Sullivan
became Helen's teacher. Anne taught Helen words
using a finger alphabet. Anne passed Helen's hand
under a water pump and spelled out the word "w-a-t-e-r."
Helen understood and wanted to learn more. Helen
then learned the word "teacher" which is what Helen
called Anne. Helen continued to learn thousands
of words.
>>Read
about Helen Keller
>>Read
about Anne Sullivan at White House Kids
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May,
2003:
 Did
you know President John F. Kennedy was
born on May 29, 1917?
Yes. John F. Kennedy
was born on May 29, 1917, in Brookline, Massachusetts.
Today, his birthplace and boyhood home is the John
F. Kennedy National Historic Site. Kennedy was elected
President in 1960. He was the 35th President.
>>Visit
the John F. Kennedy National Historic Site
>>Browse
the John F. Kennedy Bookstore
>>View the
John F. Kennedy Photos & Links
>>Browse
the Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis Bookstore
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April,
2003:
 Did
you know Ulysses S. Grant's nickname
was "Unconditional Surrender" Grant?
Yes. In February,
1862, Ulysses led the Union forces to victories
at Forts Henry and Donelson in Tennessee. He earned
the nickname "Unconditional Surrender" Grant at
Fort Donelson when he stated to the surrendering
General, "No terms except unconditional and immediate
surrender can be accepted." Ulysses also won victories
at Shiloh, Vicksburg, and Chattanooga.
>>Read
about Ulysses S. Grant
>>Read
about the times in which Ulysses S. Grant lived
>>Browse
Ulysses S. Grant's Books
>>View
Photos of Ulysses S. Grant
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March,
2003:
 Did
you know Robert F. Kennedy said Cesar
Chavez was "one of the heroic figures of our time?"
Yes. Robert
F. Kennedy supported Cesar Chavez and the migrant
farm workers. When Cesar's 25-day fast ended on
March 10, 1968, Cesar and Robert Kennedy attended
mass in Delano park.
In July and August, 1988, Cesar again fasted. It
was to protest the pesticide poisoning of grape
workers and their children. It was called "Fast
for Life," and it lasted 36 days.
>>Read about
Cesar Chavez
>>Browse
our Cesar Chavez' Books
>>View
Photos of Cesar Chavez
>>Visit
Cesar Chavez Links
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February,
2003:
Did
you know Rosa Parks has been called the
"Mother of the Civil Rights Movement?"
Yes. The Civil Rights
Movement helped make it illegal for people to discriminate
against other people based on their race, color,
religion, or nationality. Rosa Parks received many
honors for her work in Civil Rights, including the
Spingarn Medal, the Martin Luther King, Jr. Nonviolent
Peace Prize, the Eleanor Roosevelt Woman of Courage
Award, and the Presidential Medal of Freedom. Also,
Cleveland Avenue in Montgomery, Alabama, (the street
where Rosa boarded the bus on December 1, 1955)
was renamed Rosa Parks Boulevard.
Did you know
Rosa was a guest at the 1999 State of the Union
Address and sat next to First Lady Hillary Rodham
Clinton? President Clinton introduced Rosa by saying,
"She's sitting down with the First Lady tonight,
and she may get up or not, as she chooses." Today,
Rosa lives in Detroit, Michigan. February 4, 2003,
marks Rosa Parks 90th Birthday.
>>Read
about Rosa Parks
>>Visit
Rosa Parks' Links
>>Browse
Rosa Parks' Books
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January,
2003:
 Did
you know Robert E. Lee led a unit of
U.S. Marines to capture John Brown in 1859?
Yes. John Brown
was an abolitionist which meant he wanted to end
slavery. Brown believed if he provided guns to slaves,
the slaves would rebel against the slave owners.
In 1859, Brown raided the U.S. arsenal at Harpers
Ferry looking for guns. This was known as the John
Brown Raid. Robert E. Lee led the U.S. Marine unit
which captured Brown. Did
you know Harpers Ferry was located in
Virginia at the time of the John Brown Raid? Today,
Harpers Ferry is located in West Virginia.
>>Read about
the PAPA WAS A BOY IN GRAY Book Tour
>>Read PAPA
Report #19 -- Dispatches from North Elba
>>Browse
the PAPA WAS A BOY IN GRAY Bookstore
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